Systemic Lupus Erythematosis (SLE)

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Incidence: about half to two-third of SLE patients develop neurological signs and symptoms.

Neurology: The most common change is multifocal infarction.

Histopathology: 

• Multiple microscopic infarction: The most common change is multifocal microscopic infarction. Other changes include vasculonecrosis and vasculopathy, fibrin thrombi, microhemorrhage, perivascular microglia.

• Vasculitis is rare: Perivascular infiltrate and vasculitis are in fact quite rare. [Hess DC, 1997; Ellison D et al., 1993; Johnson RT and Richardson EP, 1968]

• Deposition of immunoglobulins and complement. (The thrombosis may be related to antiphospholipid antibodies which has a procoagulation effect and frequently seen in SLE patients.)

• Thrombosis and thromboembolism can be seen.

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