Clinical features: Usually restricted to malaria endemic areas but modern transportations often bring some “imported” cases to non-endemic areas.

Pathogen: Plasmodium falciparum.

Anatomic locations: Globally distributed.

Histology:

Involve mostly the small vessels and capilaries characterized by swollen endothelial cells with extravasation of red cells.
Blockage of cerebral capillaries by erythrocytes, some may contain the parasite. Malarial pigment can also be seen in the capillaries Proteinaceous material may be seen around the involved vessels.
There is necrosis of the perivascular white matter, and focal loss of myelin staining, also accumulation of reactive microglia and astrocytes in the vicinity.